DHCP（动态主机配置协议）是一个局域网的网络协议。指的是由服务器控制一段IP地址范围，客户机登录服务器时就可以自动获得服务器分配的IP地址和子网掩码
安装DHCP
rpm -qa | grep dhcp #查看是否已安装旧版本
[root@localhost liukai]# yum search dhcp #查找yum中是否有dhcp包
============================================ 名称 和 概况 匹配：dhcp =============================================
dhcp-server.x86_64 : Provides the ISC DHCP server
dhcp-server.x86_64 : Provides the ISC DHCP server
dhcp-relay.x86_64 : Provides the ISC DHCP relay agent
dhcp-libs.x86_64 : Shared libraries used by ISC dhcp client and server
dhcp-libs.i686 : Shared libraries used by ISC dhcp client and server
dhcp-libs.x86_64 : Shared libraries used by ISC dhcp client and server
dhcp-client.x86_64 : Provides the ISC DHCP client daemon and dhclient-script
dhcp-common.noarch : Common files used by ISC dhcp client, server and relay agent
dhcp-common.noarch : Common files used by ISC dhcp client, server and relay agent
================================================ 概况 匹配：dhcp =================================================
bind-export-libs.x86_64 : ISC libs for DHCP application
bind-export-libs.i686 : ISC libs for DHCP application
bind-export-libs.x86_64 : ISC libs for DHCP application
dnsmasq.x86_64 : A lightweight DHCP/caching DNS server
dnsmasq-utils.x86_64 : Utilities for manipulating DHCP server leases
yum -y install dhcp-server.x86_64 安装dhcp-server
复制官方给出的配置模板
cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-server/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf查看配置模板，并根据自己需求进行配置修改
vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
# dhcpd.conf
#
# Sample configuration file for ISC dhcpd
#
# option definitions common to all supported networks...
#1、整体环境配置
option domain-name "example.org"; #给予域名
option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org; #域名服务器
default-lease-time 600; #默认租约时间
max-lease-time 7200; #最大祖约时间
# Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally.
#设置是否全局DNS更新
#ddns-update-style none;
# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
#authoritative;
# Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also
# have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).
log-facility local7;
# No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the
# DHCP server to understand the network topology.
#没有配置的子网声明
subnet 10.152.187.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
}
#基础配置子网声明
# This is a very basic subnet declaration.
subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;
option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org;
}
# This declaration allows BOOTP clients to get dynamic addresses,
# which we don't really recommend.
#允许获得动态地址
subnet 10.254.239.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
range dynamic-bootp 10.254.239.40 10.254.239.60; #分配地址范围
option broadcast-address 10.254.239.31;
option routers rtr-239-32-1.example.org;
}
# A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.
subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {
range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;
option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;
option domain-name "internal.example.org";
option routers 10.5.5.1;
option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
}
# Hosts which require special configuration options can be listed in
# host statements. If no address is specified, the address will be
# allocated dynamically (if possible), but the host-specific information
# will still come from the host declaration.
host passacaglia {
hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95;
filename "vmunix.passacaglia";
server-name "toccata.example.com";
}
# Fixed IP addresses can also be specified for hosts. These addresses
# should not also be listed as being available for dynamic assignment.
# Hosts for which fixed IP addresses have been specified can boot using
# BOOTP or DHCP. Hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only
# be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the subnet
# to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag
# set.
#固定IP
host fantasia {
hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5;
fixed-address fantasia.example.com;
}
# You can declare a class of clients and then do address allocation
# based on that. The example below shows a case where all clients
# in a certain class get addresses on the 10.17.224/24 subnet, and all
# other clients get addresses on the 10.0.29/24 subnet.
class "foo" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 4) = "SUNW";
}
shared-network 224-29 {
subnet 10.17.224.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers rtr-224.example.org;
}
subnet 10.0.29.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers rtr-29.example.org;
}
pool {
allow members of "foo";
range 10.17.224.10 10.17.224.250;
}
pool {
deny members of "foo";
range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230;
}
}